Output Functions

Functions for printing to stdout (and, with eprint/eprintln, to stderr). All output functions accept any number of arguments, which are converted to strings and joined with spaces.

print(…args) -> null

Prints arguments to stdout without a trailing newline.

print("loading")
print("...")
print("\n")
// loading...

println(…args) -> null

Prints arguments to stdout with a trailing newline.

println("Hello, world!")
println("x =", 42)
// Hello, world!
// x = 42

eprint(…args) -> null

Prints arguments to stderr without a trailing newline.

eprintln(…args) -> null

Prints arguments to stderr with a trailing newline. Use it for warnings and errors of command-line programs, so stdout carries only the program’s result.

eprintln("warning: skipped line", 3)
// (on stderr) warning: skipped line 3

say(…args) -> null

Alias for println. Prints arguments followed by a newline. This is the idiomatic Forge output function.

say "Hello!"
say "The answer is", 42

yell(…args) -> null

Prints arguments in UPPERCASE followed by a newline.

yell "fire detected"
// FIRE DETECTED

whisper(…args) -> null

Prints arguments in lowercase followed by a newline.

whisper "QUIET PLEASE"
// quiet please

Notes

• print and println are classic-style. say, yell, and whisper are Forge-style.
• print, println, say, yell and whisper write to stdout; eprint and eprintln write the same text to stderr. log.* also writes to stderr, as structured events with a timestamp and level.
• eprint and eprintln exist in every edition (edition 2027 removes say, yell and whisper).
• Arguments of any type are auto-converted to their string representation.